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The translation is based on the Dutch edition of 1941 – the last edition Huizinga worked on.

Edited by Graeme Small & Anton van der Lem. "Johan Huizinga, The Waning of the Middle Ages, and the Writing of History". "The New Huizinga and the Old Middle Ages". The new translation, by Rodney Payton and Ulrich Mammitzsch, was based on the second edition of the Dutch publication in 1921 and compared with the German translation published in 1924. Ī new English translation of the book was published in 1996 because of perceived deficiencies in the original translation.

Other criticisms include the writing of the book being “old-fashioned” and “too literary”. Huizinga's work later came under some criticism, especially for relying too heavily on evidence from the rather exceptional case of the Burgundian court. The book is written in well-chosen prose, that helped Huizinga's nomination for the 1939 Nobel Prize for Literature, won by Hermann Hesse that year. This provided light to the rise of (religious) individualism, humanism and scientific progress: the renaissance. His main conclusion is that the combination of required modernization of statehood governance, stuck in traditionalism, in combination with the exhausting inclusion of an ever-growing corpus of catholic rites and popular beliefs in daily life, led to the implosion of late medieval society. He saw the period as one of pessimism, cultural exhaustion, and nostalgia, rather than of rebirth and optimism. In the book, Huizinga presents the idea that the exaggerated formality and romanticism of late medieval court society was a defense mechanism against the constantly increasing violence and brutality of general society. The Autumn of the Middle Ages, The Waning of the Middle Ages, or Autumntide of the Middle Ages (published in 1919 as Herfsttij der Middeleeuwen and translated into English in 1924, German in 1924, and French in 1932), is the best-known work by the Dutch historian Johan Huizinga.